UMusk uphinde wenza intetho enesibindi kwi-"Tesla Investor Day", "Ndinike i-$10 trillion, ndiza kuyisombulula ingxaki yamandla acocekileyo emhlabeni." Kule ntlanganiso, uMusk wabhengeza "iSicwangciso esiPhambili" sakhe (iSicwangciso esiPhambili). Kwixesha elizayo, ukugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri kuya kufikelela kwi-240 terawatts (TWH), amandla ahlaziyekayo angama-30 terawatts (TWH), isizukulwana esilandelayo seendleko zokuhlanganisa iimoto ezincitshiswe ngama-50%, i-hydrogen yokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo amalahle kunye nothotho lweentshukumo ezinkulu. Phakathi kwazo, into eyabangela ingxoxo eshushu phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-intanethi basekhaya kukuba uMusk utheimoto yemagnethi esisigxinakwisizukulwana esilandelayo seemoto zombane aziyi kuba nomhlaba onqabileyo.
Ingqwalasela yengxoxo eshushu yabasebenzisi be-intanethi imalunga ne-rare earths. Ngenxa yokuba i-rare earths zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokuthumela ngaphandle eTshayina, iTshayina yeyona ithumela ngaphandle i-rare earths inkulu kwihlabathi liphela. Kwimarike yehlabathi ye-rare earth, utshintsho kwimfuno luya kuba nefuthe kwindawo ye-rare earths. Abasebenzisi be-intanethi baxhalabile malunga nokuba ibango likaMusk lokuba isizukulwana esilandelayo seenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina aziyi kusebenzisa i-rare earths liya kuba naliphi na ifuthe kwi-rare earths.
Ukuze oku kucace, lo mbuzo kufuneka uhlalutywe kancinci. Okokuqala, zeziphi kanye kanye ii-rare earths ezisetyenziswa kuzo; okwesibini, zingakanani ii-rare earths ezisetyenziswa kuzoiimoto zemagnethi ezisisigxinanjengepesenti yobungakanani bemfuno iyonke; kwaye okwesithathu, ingakanani indawo enokubakho yokuba umhlaba onqabileyo utshintshwe.
Okokuqala, makhe sijonge umbuzo wokuqala, zisetyenziswa entwenini ii-rare earths?
I-Rare earths zizinto ezinqabileyo, kwaye emva kokumbiwa, zicutshungulwa zibe zizinto ezahlukeneyo ze-rare earth. Imfuno ephantsi yezixhobo ze-rare earth inokwahlulwa ibe ziinkalo ezimbini eziphambili: izinto zemveli kunye nezinto ezintsha.
Izicelo zemveli ziquka ishishini lesinyithi, ishishini le-petrochemical, iglasi kunye ne-ceramics, ezolimo, amasimi elaphu elikhanyayo kunye nemikhosi, njl. Kwicandelo lezinto ezintsha, izinto ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba onqabileyo zihambelana namacandelo ahlukeneyo asezantsi, njengezinto zokugcina i-hydrogen kwiibhetri zokugcina i-hydrogen, izinto ezikhanyayo ze-phosphors, izinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-NdFeB, izinto zokupolisha izixhobo zokupolisha, izinto zokucokisa izixhobo zokucoca igesi ephumayo.
Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba onqabileyo kunokuthiwa kubanzi kakhulu kwaye kakhulu, iindawo zokugcina umhlaba onqabileyo kwihlabathi liphela zingamakhulu ezigidi zeetoni, kwaye iTshayina ibandakanya malunga nesinye kwisithathu sazo. Kungenxa yokuba umhlaba onqabileyo uluncedo kwaye unqabile yingakho unexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu.
Okwesibini, makhe sijonge inani lee-rare earths ezisetyenzisiweyoiimoto zemagnethi ezisisigxinaukubala inani lilonke leemfuno
Enyanisweni, le ngxelo ayichanekanga. Akunamsebenzi ukuxoxa ngokuba zingaphi ii-rare earths ezisetyenziswa kwii-permanent magnet motors. Ii-rare earths zisetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza kwii-PM motors, kungekhona njengezinto ezingasetyenziswayo. Ekubeni uMusk esithi isizukulwana esitsha se-permanent magnet motor asinazo ii-rare earths, oko kuthetha ukuba uMusk ufumene itekhnoloji okanye izinto ezintsha ezinokuthatha indawo yee-rare earths xa kufikwa kwizinto ze-permanent magnet material. Ngoko ke, ukuze kube yinyani, lo mbuzo kufuneka uxoxe, ukuba zingakanani ii-rare earths ezisetyenziswayo kwinxalenye yezinto ze-permanent magnet materials.
Ngokwedatha kaRoskill, ngo-2020, izixhobo zemagnethi ezihlala ixesha elide zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga zezona zabelo zikhulu zehlabathi ezifunekayo kwizixhobo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwiindawo ezisezantsi, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-29%, izixhobo ze-catalytic ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zi-21%, izixhobo zokupolisha zi-13%, izicelo ze-metallurgical zi-8%, izicelo zeglasi ye-optical zi-8%, izicelo zebhetri zi-7%, ezinye izicelo zi-14% iyonke, equka i-ceramics, iikhemikhali kunye nezinye iindawo.
Ngokucacileyo, izixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zifuna kakhulu izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuba sijonga imeko yokwenyani yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini lezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, imfuno yezinto ezingaqhelekanga zezinto ezinqabileyo zemagnethi ezisisigxina bekufanele ukuba idlule ixesha elide kwi-30%. (Qaphela: Okwangoku, izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto zemagnethi ezisisigxina zezithuthi zamandla amatsha zonke zizixhobo zemagnethi ezingunaphakade zendalo engaqhelekanga)
Oku kukhokelela kwisigqibo sokuba imfuno yezinto ezinqabileyo zezinto ezitsala umdla ezihlala zihleli iphezulu kakhulu.
Umbuzo wokugqibela, ingakanani indawo enokubakho yokuba umhlaba onqabileyo utshintshwe?
Xa kukho ubuchwepheshe obutsha okanye izinto ezintsha ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwezinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina, kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba zonke izicelo ezisebenzisa izixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga, ngaphandle kweemoto zemagnethi ezisisigxina, zinokutshintshwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukukwazi ukutshintsha akuthethi ukuba kuya kutshintshwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ixabiso lorhwebo kufuneka liqwalaselwe xa kufikwa ekusetyenzisweni kwangempela. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ubuchwepheshe obutsha okanye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziya kuphucula kangakanani ukusebenza kwemveliso kwaye ngaloo ndlela zibe yingeniso; kwelinye icala, nokuba ixabiso lobuchwepheshe obutsha okanye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo liphezulu okanye liphantsi xa lithelekiswa nezinto zokuqala zemagnethi ezisisigxina zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga. Kuphela xa ubuchwepheshe obutsha okanye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zinexabiso eliphezulu lorhwebo kunezinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga apho kuya kwenziwa indawo epheleleyo.
Okuqinisekileyo kukuba kwimeko yobonelelo lweTesla, ixabiso lezorhwebo lale ndlela liphezulu kunelezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezihlala ixesha elide zemagnethi, kungenjalo bekungayi kubakho mfuneko yokutyala imali kwi-R&D. Ngokuphathelele ukuba ubuchwepheshe obutsha bukaMusk okanye izinto ezintsha zinokusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nokuba olu seti lwezisombululo lunokukopishwa kwaye lwenziwe lwaziwe. Oku kuya kugwetywa ngokwexesha uMusk azalisekisa ngalo isithembiso sakhe.
Ukuba kwixesha elizayo le nkqubo intsha yeMusk iyahambelana nemithetho yeshishini (ixabiso eliphezulu lezorhwebo) kwaye inokukhuthazwa, ngoko ke imfuno yehlabathi yemihlaba enqabileyo kufuneka incitshiswe ubuncinane ngama-30%. Kakade ke, oku kutshintshwa kuya kuthatha inkqubo, kungekuphela nje ngokuqhwanyaza kweliso. Impendulo kwimarike kukwehla kancinci kwemfuno yehlabathi yemihlaba enqabileyo. Kwaye ukuncitshiswa kwemfuno ngama-30% kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwixabiso leqhinga lemihlaba enqabileyo.
Uphuhliso lwenqanaba lobuchwepheshe bomntu aluguqulwa ziimvakalelo kunye nentando yakhe. Nokuba abantu bayayithanda okanye abayamkeli, bayayamkela okanye abayamkeli, ubuchwepheshe buhlala busiya phambili. Endaweni yokuchasa inkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe, kungcono ukujoyina iqela lophuhliso lobuchwepheshe ukuze ukhokele indlela yamaxesha.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-31-2023