An injini yombanesisixhobo esiguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla oomatshini, kwaye okoko uFaraday wavelisa imotor yokuqala yombane, siye sakwazi ukuphila ubomi bethu ngaphandle kwesi sixhobo kuyo yonke indawo.
Kule mihla, iimoto zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ekubeni ubukhulu becala ukuya kwizixhobo eziqhutywa ngumbane, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweenjini ezimotweni kuya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi. Abantu abaninzi abanakukwazi ukuqikelela ukuba zingaphi iinjini ezifakwe kwimoto yabo, kwaye le intshayelelo ilandelayo iya kukunceda ukuba ufumane iinjini zemoto yakho.
Ukusetyenziswa kweenjini kwiimoto
Ukufumanisa ukuba iphi imoto kwimoto yakho, isitulo samandla yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokuyifumana. Kwiimoto zoqoqosho, iimoto zihlala zibonelela ngohlengahlengiso lwangaphambili nasemva kunye nokuthambeka kwe-backrest. Kwiimoto eziphambili,iinjini zombaneinokulawula ukulungiswa kokuphakama, umzekelo, isihlalo esisezantsi se-cushion recline, inkxaso ye-lumbar, ukulungiswa kwe-headrest kunye nokuqina kwe-cushion, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezinokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kweenjini zombane. Ezinye izinto zokuhlala ezisebenzisa iimoto zombane ziquka ukusonga isihlalo samandla kunye nokulayisha amandla kwizihlalo ezingasemva.
Windscreen wipers ngowona mzekelo uqhelekileyo weinjini yombaneizicelo kwiimoto zanamhlanje. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imoto nganye inemoto enye yokucima ii-wiper zangaphambili. Ii-wipers zangasemva ziya zithandwa kakhulu kwii-SUVs kunye neemoto ezinomqolo we-barn-door, okuthetha ukuba ii-wipers zangasemva kunye neemotor ezihambelanayo zikhona kwiimoto ezininzi. Enye imotor impompa ulwelo lwewasha ukuya kwiscreen somoya, kwaye kwezinye iimoto ukuya kwizibane zangaphambili, ezinokuba nezazo zosula kancinci.
Phantse yonke imoto inesivutheli-moya esijikeleza umoya ngenkqubo yokufudumeza neyokupholisa; izithuthi ezininzi zineefeni ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ekhabhathini. Izithuthi ezikumgangatho ophezulu nazo zineefeni ezihlalweni zokungenisa umoya we-cushion kunye nokusabalalisa ubushushu.
Ngaphambili, iifestile zazivame ukuvulwa kwaye zivalwe ngesandla, kodwa ngoku iifestile zombane zixhaphakile. Iinjini ezifihliweyo zifakwe kwifestile nganye, kubandakanywa nophahla lwelanga kunye neefestile ezingasemva. Ii-activators ezisetyenziselwa ezi festile zinokuba lula njengeereyiyidi, kodwa iimfuno zokhuseleko (ezifana nokukhangela imiqobo okanye izinto ezibambayo) zikhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwee-activators ezikrelekrele ezinokubekwa esweni kwentshukumo kunye nokunciphisa amandla okuqhuba.
Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwimanuwali ukuya kumbane, ukutshixwa kweemoto kuya kuba lula ngakumbi. Iingenelo zolawulo lweemoto ziquka izinto eziluncedo ezinjengokusebenza okude, kunye nokhuseleko olongeziweyo nobukrelekrele obufana nokuvula ngokuzenzekelayo emva kokungqubana. Ngokungafaniyo neefestile zamandla, izitshixo zocango lwamandla kufuneka zigcine ukhetho lokusebenza ngesandla, ngoko oku kuchaphazela uyilo lwemoto kunye nesakhiwo sokutshixa ucango lwamandla.
Izalathisi kwiideshibhodi okanye amaqela anokuthi aguquke abe yi-light-emitting diodes (i-LED) okanye ezinye iindidi zokubonisa, kodwa ngoku zonke iifowuni kunye ne-gauge isebenzisa iimotor ezincinci zombane. Ezinye iinjini zodidi olubonelela lula ziquka iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokugotywa kwesipili esisecaleni kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwendawo, kunye nezicelo eziguquguqukayo ezinje ngeendawo eziguquguqukayo, iipedali ezirhoxayo, kunye nezahluli zeglasi phakathi komqhubi nomkhweli.
Ngaphantsi kwebhonethi, iinjini zombane ziya zixhaphaka kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iinjini zombane zithatha indawo yezixhobo eziqhutywa ngamabhanti. Imizekelo ibandakanya iifeni zeradiyetha, iimpompo zamafutha, iimpompo zamanzi kunye neecompressors. Kukho iingenelo ezininzi zokutshintsha le misebenzi ukusuka kwibhanti ukuya kwidrive yombane. Enye yeyokuba ukusetyenziswa kweenjini zokuqhuba kwizixhobo zombane zanamhlanje kunamandla ngakumbi kunokusebenzisa amabhanti kunye neepuli, okukhokelela kwiingenelo ezifana nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kwepetroli, ubunzima obuncitshisiweyo kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi. Enye inzuzo kukuba ukusetyenziswa kweenjini zombane kunokuba iibhanti zivumela inkululeko engakumbi kuyilo lomatshini, njengoko iindawo zokunyuka kweepompo kunye neefeni akufanele zinyanzeliswe ibhanti yenyoka ekufuneka ifakwe kwi-pulley nganye.
Iintsingiselo kwitekhnoloji yemoto yemoto
Iinjini zombane ziyimfuneko kwiindawo eziphawulwe kulo mzobo ungasentla, kwaye, emva koko, njengoko imoto isiba ngakumbi kwi-elektroniki kunye nenkqubela phambili yokuzimela kunye nobukrelekrele benziwa, iinjini zombane ziya kusetyenziswa ngakumbi nangakumbi emotweni, kunye nohlobo lweenjini zokuqhuba nazo ziyatshintsha.
Ngelixa ngaphambili uninzi lweemoto ezimotweni bezisebenzisa iisistim zemoto ze-12V eziqhelekileyo, ii-voltage ezimbini ze-12V kunye ne-48V iinkqubo ngoku zihamba phambili, kunye nenkqubo yamandla ombane amabini evumela ukuba eminye imithwalo ephezulu yangoku isuswe kwibhetri ye-12V. Inzuzo yokusebenzisa unikezelo lwe-48V kukunciphisa ngokuphindwe kane kumbane kumandla afanayo, kunye nokunciphisa okukhaphayo kobunzima beentambo kunye ne-motor windings. Izicelo ezinomthwalo ophezulu wangoku ezinokuthi zihlaziywe kumbane we-48V ziquka ii-motor starter, i-turbocharger, iimpompo zamafutha, iimpompo zamanzi kunye neefeni zokupholisa. Ukubeka inkqubo yombane ye-48V kula malungu kunokonga malunga ne-10 ekhulwini kusetyenziso lwamafutha.
Ukuqonda iintlobo zeeMoto
Usetyenziso olwahlukileyo lufuna iinjini ezahlukeneyo, kwaye iimotor zinokuhlelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
1. Ulwahlulo olusekwe kumthombo wamandla osebenzayo - Ngokuxhomekeke kumthombo wamandla osebenzayo wemoto, inokwahlulwa kwiinjini zeDC kunye neenjini ze-AC. Phakathi kwazo, iinjini ze-AC zikwahlulwe kwiinjini zenqanaba elinye kunye neenjini zenqanaba lesithathu.
2. Ngokomgaqo wokusebenza - ngokwesakhiwo esahlukileyo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza, i-motor inokwahlulwa ibe yi-DC motor, i-asynchronous motor kunye ne-synchronous motor. Iimotor ze-synchronous zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi ezilungelelanisiweyo, iimotor zokurhoxa ezihambelanayo kunye ne-hysteresis motors. Imoto yeAsynchronous inokwahlulwa ibe yimoto yokungenisa kunye ne-AC commutator motor.
3. Ukuhlelwa ngokwendlela yokuqalisa kunye nokuqhuba - i-motor ngokwendlela yokuqalisa kunye nokuqhuba ingahlulwa ibe yi-capacitor-started single-phase asynchronous motor, capacitor-run single-phase asynchronous motor, capacitor-started running single-phase phase asynchronous motor and split-phase single-phase asynchronous motor.
4. Ukuhlelwa ngokokusetyenziswa - iimoto zombane zinokwahlulwa zibe ziinjini zokuqhuba kunye nokulawula iimoto ngokusetyenziswa. I-motor ye-Drive yahlulwe ngezixhobo zamandla (kubandakanya ukubhola, ukupolisha, ukugaya, ukubethelwa, ukusika, ukuphinda kwakhona kunye nezinye izixhobo) kunye neenjini zombane, izixhobo zasekhaya (kubandakanywa oomatshini bokuhlamba, iifeni zombane, iifriji, i-air conditioners, i-tape recorders, i-VCRs, iirekhoda zevidiyo, ii-DVD player, i-hoovers, iikhamera, izixhobo zombane kunye nezinye izixhobo zokucoca Injongo ngokubanzi koomatshini abancinci kunye nezixhobo (kubandakanywa nezixhobo ezincinci zoomatshini abancinci, oomatshini abancinci, izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo zombane, njl. njl.). Iinjini zokulawula zahlulwe zibe ziinjini ezinyathelayo kunye neenjini ze-servo.
5. Ukuhlelwa ngokwesakhiwo se-rotor - i-motor ngokwesakhiwo se-rotor inokwahlulwa ibe yi-cage induction motor (umgangatho omdala ubizwa ngokuba yi-squirrel cage asynchronous motor) kunye ne-wire-nxeba rotor induction motor (umgangatho omdala ubizwa ngokuba yi-wire-wound motor asynchronous).
6. Ukuhlelwa ngokwesantya sokusebenza - i-motor ngokwesantya sokusebenza ingahlulwa ibe yi-motor-speed motors, i-low-speed motors, i-motor-speed-speed motors, i-speed motors.
Okwangoku, uninzi lweemotor kwizicelo zomzimba weemoto zisebenzisa iimoto ze-DC ezixutywe, esisisombululo semveli. Ezi motors zilula ukuqhuba kwaye azibizi kakhulu ngenxa yomsebenzi wokutshintsha obonelelwa ngamabhrashi. Kwezinye izicelo, ii-motor ze-brushless DC (BLDC) zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ngokuxinana kwamandla, okunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokubonelela ngoqoqosho olungcono lwamafutha kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi, kwaye abavelisi bakhetha ukusebenzisa ii-motor ze-BLDC kwii-wiper ze-windscreen, ukufudumeza kwekhabhini, ukungena komoya kunye ne-air conditioning (HVAC) izifutha kunye neepompo. Kwezi zicelo, iinjini zikholisa ukusebenza ixesha elide kunokusebenza okwethutyana njengeefestile zombane okanye izihlalo zombane, apho ubulula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko zeemoto ezibrashwayo kuqhubeka ukuba luncedo.
Iimoto zombane ezifanelekileyo kwizithuthi zombane
Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwizithuthi ezingasebenzisi amafutha ukuya kwiimoto zombane kuphela kuya kubona utshintsho kwiinjini eziqhutywa yimoto embindini wemoto.
Inkqubo yokuqhuba i-motor yintliziyo yemoto yombane, equkethe i-motor, i-converter yamandla, i-sensors zokubona ezahlukeneyo kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla. Iimotor ezifanelekileyo kwizithuthi zombane ziquka: iimotor DC, brushless DC motors, asynchronous motors, ezisisigxina umazibuthe motors synchronous, kunye ne switched reluctance motors.
Imoto ye-DC yimoto eguqula amandla ombane e-DC abe ngamandla oomatshini, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kumandla ombane wokutsalwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kommiselo wesantya. Ikwanayo neempawu zetorque enkulu yokuqala kunye nolawulo olulula, ke ngoko, nawuphi na umatshini oqala phantsi komthwalo onzima okanye ufuna ukulawulwa kwesantya esifanayo, njengeemishini ezinkulu eziguquguqukayo, iiwintshi, iilocomotives zombane, iitram njalo njalo, zilungele ukusetyenziswa kweemoto zeDC.
Imoto ye-Brushless DC ihambelana kakhulu neempawu zomthwalo wezithuthi zombane, ezinesantya esisezantsi setorque enkulu, inokubonelela ngetorque enkulu yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhawulezisa izithuthi zombane, kwangaxeshanye, inokubaleka kuluhlu olusezantsi, oluphakathi kunye nolubanzi olubanzi, ikwanazo neempawu ezisebenza kakuhle, kwiimeko ezilayishiweyo, inokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Ukungalungi kukuba i-motor ngokwayo intsonkothe ngakumbi kune-AC motor kwaye umlawuli unzima ngakumbi kune-brush ye-DC motor.
I-asynchronous motor, oko kukuthi i-motor induction, sisixhobo apho i-rotor ifakwe kwintsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo, kwaye phantsi kwesenzo sombane ojikelezayo ojikelezayo, i-torque ejikelezayo ifunyenwe, kwaye ngoko i-rotor ijikeleza. Ulwakhiwo lwe-asynchronous motor lulula, kulula ukulwenza kunye nokugcina, lusondele kwiimpawu zomthwalo wesantya esingaguqukiyo, zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zoomatshini abaninzi bemveliso kunye nezolimo. Nangona kunjalo, isantya se-asynchronous motor kunye nesantya samagnetic esijikelezayo sinomlinganiselo osisigxina wokujikeleza, kwaye ngoko ukulawulwa kwesantya kumbi, kungekhona njengoqoqosho njengemoto ye-DC, eguquguqukayo. Ukongeza, kumandla aphezulu, usetyenziso olunesantya esisezantsi, iimotor ze-asynchronous azikho ngqiqweni njengeemotor ezihambelanayo.
Imagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor yi-synchronous motor eyenza i-synchronous ejikeleza umhlaba wemagnethi ngokuvuselela iimagnethi ezisisigxina, ezisebenza njenge-rotor ukuvelisa umhlaba ojikelezayo wemagnethi, kunye nezigaba ezithathu ze-stator windings zisabela nge-armature phantsi kwesenzo sommandla wemagnethi ojikelezayo, ukunyanzeliswa kwesigaba sesithathu semisinga ye-symmetrical. Injini yemagnethi esisigxina incinci ngobukhulu, ilula ngobunzima, ine-inertia encinci ejikelezayo kunye noxinzelelo lwamandla aphezulu, olulungele izithuthi zombane ezinendawo encinci. Ukongeza, inomlinganiselo omkhulu we-torque-to-inertia, umthamo oqinileyo wokulayisha ngaphezulu, kunye ne-torque enkulu yokuphuma ngokukodwa kwizantya eziphantsi ezijikelezayo, ezilungele ukuqalisa ukukhawuleza kwesithuthi sekhompyutheni. Ke ngoko, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziye zamkelwa ngokubanzi ziiseshini zezithuthi zombane zasekhaya nezangaphandle kwaye zisetyenziswe kwinani lezithuthi zombane. Ngokomzekelo, uninzi lweenqwelo zombane eJapan ziqhutywa ziimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina, ezisetyenziswa kwiToyota Prius hybrid.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-31-2024