Ibhatata eshushu! “- Le isenokuba yingxaki yokuqala efunyanwa ziinjineli ezininzi, abenzi, kunye nabafundi kwiimoto ezincinci ngexesha lokulungisa iiprojekti. Yinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu ukuba iimoto ezincinci zivelise ubushushu ngexesha lokusebenza. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, kushushu kangakanani? Kwaye kushushu kangakanani kubonisa ingxaki?

Ukufudumeza kakhulu akunciphisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemoto, i-torque, kunye nokuchaneka kwayo, kodwa kukhawulezisa ukuguga kwe-insulation yangaphakathi ekuhambeni kwexesha, ekugqibeleni kukhokelela kumonakalo ongunaphakade kwimoto. Ukuba unengxaki yobushushu bee-micro stepper motors kwiprinta yakho ye-3D, umatshini we-CNC, okanye irobhothi, ke eli nqaku lelakho. Siza kujonga izizathu zomkhuhlane kwaye sikunike izisombululo ezi-5 zokupholisa ngokukhawuleza.

Icandelo 1: Ukuhlola imbangela yeengcambu - kutheni i-micro stepper motor ivelisa ubushushu?

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa ingcamango ephambili: ukufudumeza ii-micro stepper motors akunakuphepheka kwaye akunakuphetshwa ngokupheleleyo. Ubushushu bayo buvela ikakhulu kwiinkalo ezimbini:

1. Ukulahleka kwentsimbi (ukulahleka okuphambili): I-stator yemoto yenziwe ngamashiti esinyithi e-silicon adibeneyo, kwaye i-magnetic field etshintshanayo iya kuvelisa i-eddy currents kunye ne-hysteresis kuyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuveliswa kobushushu. Le nxalenye yokulahleka inxulumene nesantya semoto (ukuphindaphinda), kwaye okukhona isantya siphezulu, kokukhona ilahleko yentsimbi ikhula kakhulu.

2. Ukulahleka kobhedu (ukulahleka kokumelana nokujika): Lo ngumthombo ophambili wobushushu kwaye ikwayinxalenye esinokugxila kuyo ekwenzeni ngcono. Ilandela umthetho kaJoule: P=I ² × R.

P (ukulahleka kwamandla): Amandla aguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo abe bubushushu.

Mna (ngoku):Umsinga ohamba ngemoto ejikelezayo.

R (Ukuchasana):Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-motor winding.

Ngamafutshane, ubungakanani bobushushu obuveliswayo bulingana nesikwere sombane. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokunyuka okuncinci kombane kunokukhokelela ekunyukeni kobushushu ngokugoba kwesikwere. Phantse zonke izisombululo zethu zijikeleze indlela yokulawula le mbane (I) ngokwesayensi.

Icandelo lesi-2: Izinto ezintlanu eziphambili ezibangela umkhuhlane omkhulu - Uhlalutyo lwezizathu ezithile ezikhokelela kumkhuhlane omkhulu

Xa ubushushu bemoto buphezulu kakhulu (njengokuba shushu kakhulu ukuba ungabuchukumisa, budla ngokudlula i-70-80 ° C), oku kubangelwa yenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zizathu zilandelayo:

Ingxaki yokuqala kukuba umsinga wokuqhuba ubekwe phezulu kakhulu

Le yeyona ndawo yokujonga ixhaphakileyo neyintloko. Ukuze bafumane i-torque enkulu yokukhupha, abasebenzisi badla ngokujika i-potentiometer elawulayo yangoku kwiidrayivu (ezifana ne-A4988, TMC2208, TB6600) kakhulu. Oku kubangele ngokuthe ngqo ukuba i-winding current (I) idlule kakhulu ixabiso elilinganisiweyo lemoto, kwaye ngokutsho kwe-P=I ² × R, ubushushu bunyuke kakhulu. Khumbula: ukunyuka kwe-torque kuza ngexabiso lobushushu.

Isizathu sesibini: I-voltage engalunganga kunye nemodi yokuqhuba

I-voltage yokubonelela iphezulu kakhulu: Inkqubo ye-stepper motor isebenzisa "i-constant current drive", kodwa i-voltage ephezulu yokuhambisa ithetha ukuba umqhubi angayityhala i-current kwi-motor ejika ngesantya esiphezulu, nto leyo eluncedo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwisantya esiphantsi okanye ekuphumleni, i-voltage egqithisileyo inokubangela ukuba i-current inqumke rhoqo, nto leyo eyandisa ilahleko zeswitshi kwaye ibangele ukuba umqhubi kunye ne-motor zifudumale.

Ukungasebenzisi i-micro stepping okanye ukwahlulwahlulwa okunganelanga:Kwimo yesinyathelo esipheleleyo, i-current waveform yi-square wave, kwaye i-current itshintsha kakhulu. Ixabiso langoku kwi-coil litshintsha ngequbuliso phakathi kwe-0 kunye nexabiso eliphezulu, nto leyo ebangela i-torque ripple enkulu kunye nengxolo, kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi. Kwaye i-micro stepping ilungisa i-current change current current (malunga ne-sine wave), inciphisa ilahleko ze-harmonic kunye ne-torque ripple, isebenza kakuhle ngakumbi, kwaye idla ngokunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu okuqhelekileyo ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

Ingxaki yesithathu: Ukulayisha kakhulu okanye iingxaki zoomatshini

Umthwalo ogqithisileyo olinganisiweyo: Ukuba injini isebenza phantsi komthwalo osondeleyo okanye odlula i-torque yayo yokubamba ixesha elide, ukuze yoyise ukuxhathisa, umqhubi uya kuqhubeka nokubonelela ngombane ophezulu, nto leyo ekhokelela kubushushu obuphezulu obuhlala ixesha elide.

Ukungqubana koomatshini, ukungalungelelani kakuhle, kunye nokuxinana: Ukufakelwa okungafanelekanga kwee-couplings, ii-guide rails ezingalunganga, kunye nezinto zangaphandle kwi-screw ye-lead konke oku kunokubangela imithwalo eyongezelelweyo nengeyomfuneko kwi-motor, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isebenze nzima kwaye ivelise ubushushu obuninzi.

Umba wesine: Ukukhetha imoto ngendlela engafanelekanga

Ihashe elincinci litsala inqwelo enkulu. Ukuba iprojekthi ngokwayo ifuna i-torque enkulu, kwaye ukhetha injini encinci kakhulu ngobukhulu (njengokusebenzisa i-NEMA 17 ukwenza umsebenzi we-NEMA 23), inokusebenza kuphela xa ixinene ixesha elide, kwaye ukufudumeza okukhulu sisiphumo esingenakuphepheka.

Ingxaki yesihlanu: Indawo yokusebenza embi kunye neemeko ezimbi zokusasaza ubushushu

Ubushushu obuphezulu obujikeleze umhlaba: Le moto isebenza kwindawo evaliweyo okanye kwindawo enezinye izinto ezishushu ezikufutshane (ezifana neebhedi zeprinta ze-3D okanye iintloko zelaser), nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo kokusasaza ubushushu.

Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngendlela yendalo okunganelanga: Injini ngokwayo ngumthombo wobushushu. Ukuba umoya ojikelezileyo awujikelezi, ubushushu abunakuthwalwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqokeleleni kobushushu kunye nokunyuka kobushushu okuqhubekayo.

Icandelo lesi-3: Izisombululo Ezisebenzayo -Iindlela ezi-5 Zokupholisa Ezisebenzayo zeMoto Yakho yeMicro Stepper

Emva kokufumanisa unobangela, singakunika amayeza afanelekileyo. Nceda ulungise ingxaki kwaye ulungise ngale ndlela ilandelayo:

Isisombululo 1: Seta ngokuchanekileyo umsinga wokuqhuba (inyathelo lokuqala nelisebenzayo)

Indlela yokusebenza:Sebenzisa i-multimeter ukulinganisa i-voltage yereferensi yangoku (i-Vref) kumqhubi, kwaye ubale ixabiso langoku elihambelanayo ngokwefomula (iifomyula ezahlukeneyo zabaqhubi abahlukeneyo). Yibeke kwi-70% -90% yamandla esigaba esilinganisiweyo semoto. Umzekelo, imoto enombane olinganisiweyo we-1.5A inokubekwa phakathi kwe-1.0A kunye ne-1.3A.

Kutheni iphumelela: Inciphisa ngokuthe ngqo i-I kwifomula yokuvelisa ubushushu kwaye inciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu ngamaxesha esikwere. Xa i-torque yanele, le yeyona ndlela yokupholisa engabizi kakhulu.

Isisombululo sesi-2: Lungiselela i-voltage yokuqhuba kwaye uvule i-micro stepping

I-voltage yokuqhuba: Khetha i-voltage ehambelana neemfuno zakho zesantya. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zedesktop, i-24V-36V luluhlu olulungelelanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuvelisa ubushushu. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa i-voltage ephezulu kakhulu. 

Nika amandla ulwahlulo oluphezulu lwe-micro stepping: Misela umqhubi kwimo ephezulu yokunyathela kancinci (njenge-16 okanye i-32 subdivision). Oku akuzisi nje kuphela intshukumo ethambileyo nezolileyo, kodwa kunciphisa nokulahlekelwa yi-harmonic ngenxa ye-smooth current waveform, enceda ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kobushushu ngexesha lokusebenza ngesantya esiphakathi nesiphantsi.

Isisombululo 3: Ukufaka ii-heat sinks kunye nokupholisa umoya ngokunyanzelekileyo (ukusasazwa kobushushu ngokwasemzimbeni)

Amaphiko okusasaza ubushushu: Kwiimoto ezininzi ze-miniature stepper (ingakumbi i-NEMA 17), ukuncamathisela okanye ukubamba amaphiko okusasaza ubushushu kwi-aluminium alloy kwi-motor housing yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo nengabizi kakhulu. Isinki yobushushu iyandisa kakhulu indawo yomphezulu wokusasaza ubushushu kwimoto, isebenzisa i-convection yendalo yomoya ukususa ubushushu.

Ukupholisa umoya ngokunyanzelwa: Ukuba isiphumo sokusinki kobushushu asikalungelanga, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezivalekileyo, ukongeza ifeni encinci (efana nefeni ye-4010 okanye ye-5015) yokupholisa umoya ngokunyanzelwa sisisombululo esiphezulu. Ukuhamba komoya kunokufudumeza ubushushu ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isiphumo sokupholisa sibaluleke kakhulu. Le yindlela eqhelekileyo kwiiprinta ze-3D kunye noomatshini be-CNC.

Isisombululo 4: Lungiselela useto lweDrive (iindlela eziphambili)

Iidrive ezininzi ezikrelekrele zanamhlanje, zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphambili kolawulo lwangoku:

I-StealthShop II kunye ne-SpreadCycle: Xa olu phawu luvuliwe, xa imoto ingashukumi ixesha elithile, umsinga wokuqhuba uya kwehla ngokuzenzekelayo uye kuma-50% okanye nangaphantsi komsinga wokusebenza. Ngenxa yokuba imoto ikwimeko yokubamba ixesha elininzi, lo msebenzi unokunciphisa kakhulu ukufudumeza okungashukumiyo.

Kutheni isebenza: Ulawulo olukrelekrele lwamandla ombane, ukubonelela ngamandla aneleyo xa kufuneka, ukunciphisa inkunkuma xa kungadingeki, kunye nokonga amandla ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokupholisa okuvela kumthombo.

Isisombululo 5: Jonga ulwakhiwo loomatshini kwaye ukhethe kwakhona (isisombululo esisisiseko)

Ukuhlolwa koomatshini: Jikelezisa ngesandla ishaft yemoto (ikwimeko yokucima umbane) uze uzive ukuba igudile na. Jonga yonke inkqubo yokudlulisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ndawo ixineneyo, ingqubano, okanye i-jamming. Inkqubo yoomatshini egudileyo inokunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo kwimoto.

Ukukhetha kwakhona: Ukuba emva kokuzama zonke ezi ndlela zingasentla, i-motor isashushu kwaye i-torque ayonelanga, kusenokwenzeka ukuba i-motor ikhethwe incinci kakhulu. Ukutshintsha i-motor nge-specification enkulu (njengokuphucula ukusuka kwi-NEMA 17 ukuya kwi-NEMA 23) okanye i-current ephezulu, kwaye uyivumele ukuba isebenze ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo yokuthuthuzela, kuya kuyisombulula ngokwemvelo ingxaki yokufudumeza.

Landela inkqubo ukuze uphande:

Ukujongana ne-motor ye-micro stepper enobushushu obukhulu, ungayisombulula ingxaki ngokulandela le nkqubo ilandelayo:

Injini ishushu kakhulu

Inyathelo 1: Jonga ukuba i-drive current isetiwe phezulu kakhulu na?

Inyathelo lesi-2: Jonga ukuba umthwalo woomatshini unzima kakhulu okanye ukungqubana kuphezulu?

Inyathelo lesi-3: Faka izixhobo zokupholisa ezibonakalayo

Ncamathisela isinki yobushushu

Yongeza ukupholisa umoya okunyanzelekileyo (ifeni encinci)

Ingaba ubushushu buphucukile?

Inyathelo lesi-4: Cinga ngokukhetha kwakhona nokutshintsha imodeli enkulu yemoto